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Large bowel obstruction and volvulus

Large bowel obstruction is a surgical emergency.

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Ulcerative colitis — the surgical perspective

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease confined to the colon and rectum.

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Crohn's disease — the surgical perspective

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect any part of the digestive tract.

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Diverticular disease and diverticulitis

Diverticula are small pouches that form in the wall of the colon.

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Bowel polyps (colorectal polyps)

A bowel polyp is a growth projecting from the lining of the colon or rectum.

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Rectal cancer

Rectal cancer arises in the last fifteen centimetres of the large bowel.

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Colon cancer

Colon cancer is one of the commonest cancers and also one of the most preventable.

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Stomach cancer (gastric cancer)

Stomach cancer remains one of the commoner causes of cancer death worldwide, though its incidence has fallen substantially over several decades.

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Gastric neuroendocrine tumours (gastric carcinoids)

Gastric neuroendocrine tumours arise from hormone-producing cells in the stomach lining.

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Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour is the commonest mesenchymal tumour of the digestive tract, and the stomach is its commonest site.

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Gastric polyps

Gastric polyps are growths projecting from the stomach lining.

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Gastric outlet obstruction

Gastric outlet obstruction is blockage of the passage from the stomach into the duodenum. The stomach fills and cannot empty.

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Perforated and bleeding peptic ulcer

Perforation and bleeding are the two emergency complications of peptic ulcer disease.

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Peptic ulcer disease

A peptic ulcer is a break in the lining of the stomach or duodenum that extends through the muscularis mucosae.

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Oesophageal perforation and Boerhaave syndrome

Perforation of the oesophagus is one of the true emergencies of general surgery.

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Oesophageal cancer

Oesophageal cancer is a serious disease, and this page does not pretend otherwise.

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Benign tumours of the oesophagus

Benign tumours of the oesophagus are uncommon and are found far more often than they cause trouble.

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Oesophageal diverticulum (Zenker's and epiphrenic)

An oesophageal diverticulum is an outpouching of the oesophageal wall. It is uncommon.

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Barrett's oesophagus

Barrett's oesophagus is a change in the lining of the lower oesophagus caused by long-standing reflux.

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Achalasia

Achalasia is a disorder in which the oesophagus loses its ability to propel food downward and the valve at its lower end fails to relax.